Cerebral cortex
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A note for Lesson no. 1, "You Have One Brain (Not Three)," in Seven and a Half Lessons About the Brain by Lisa Feldman Barrett.
Some context from page 14 is:
The outermost layer, part of the cerebral cortex, is said to be uniquely human and the source of rational thought; it’s known as the neocortex (“new cortex”).
The cerebral cortex is a sheet of neurons arranged in layers:
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Cross section of six-layered cortex. From How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain.
The sheet covers the cortex:
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Three major parts of the brain. From How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain.
Here you can see the cingulate cortex and the so-called neocortex: